splash dispersal of phyllosticta citricarpa conidia from infected citrus fruit1

Rain-
Splash spread of yellow vine (syn.
Citricarpa)conidia (pycnidiospores)
The infected oranges were studied in the still air combined with the wind.
The high power microscope shows that there are spores in the splash droplets of the sick orange, and during repeated wetting, the spores ooze for more than an hour. The largest (5u2005mm)
Event drops produce the highest splash (up to 41. 0u2005cm). A linear-by-
The maximum splash predicted by the quadratic surface model is 41.
The horizontal distance at 25 is 91 cm.
97 cm from the target orange.
Large splash droplets containing most of the spores (4–5.
308 spores on average)
, But the horizontal distance splashed is less than 30 cm. Most (80–90%)
The splash is less than 1mm in diameter, but only 0-4 spores are carried per drop.
In multiple splash experiments, the splash combination reaches a higher maximum (up to 61. 7u2005cm; linear-by-
Prediction of quadratic surface model, 62. 1u2005cm)
Than a single splash experiment.
Combined with the wind, the higher wind speed makes more and more splash downwind driving at least 8 m/s at the highest wind speed tested (7u2005m/s)
Because the proportion of droplets is very small (